Hardened Facades Effects on Structural Systems
To ensure the safety of U.S diplomatic personnel overseas, the U.S Department of State (DoS) has developed facade retrofits capable of resisting high
To ensure the safety of U.S diplomatic personnel overseas, the U.S Department of State (DoS) has developed facade retrofits capable of resisting high
Today, about 40% of all buildings in the U.S. still have single-pane windows, and ~70% of the existing building stock is estimated to suffer from
Change happens, for better or for worse, to all living and physical matter. In order to thrive and achieve longevity, we constantly need to adapt to
This paper analyzes sustainable retrofit strategies for an existing research laboratory building, located in a cold climate. This facility is
A common building upgrade to add value to existing commercial real estate is the renewal of the entrance lobby. The lobby facade is replaced to give
The tragic fire of June 14, 2017 at the Grenfell Tower in London, England has brought to a very public global forum issues related to the impact of
Mies van der Rohe’s concurrently designed projects for Commonwealth Promenade Apartments (1953-1956) and the Esplanade Apartments (1953-1957), saw
With the developments in production, industrial facilities lost their function and were abandoned over time. The most frequent and often the most
Facades play a relevant role in the search for a more sustainable approach to modern architecture. The amount of embodied and operational energy can
We construct building enclosures to keep the elements out, but sometimes air and water infiltrate the building envelope, causing several problems for