
Quickly exceeding new facade service life expectations for tall buildings imposed by increasing environmental, economic, and social pressures have
Facade design is a key component of architectural expression, and increasingly a key design consideration due to growing importance of factors like:
In 1959 Heinz Isler challenged the world of concrete shell design by proposing a series of shapes for shells that were very different from what most
The conventional modern facade is essentially flat, which creates the tendency toward visual monotony and problems for modulating daylight—both on
Buildings account for over 40% of global emissions (GlobalABC, 2018). Growing populations and higher standards of living are increasing pressure on
Flat cable-net facades are form-active structures which provide maximum transparency by means of point fixing components, tensioned cables, and