- see abstracts below -
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Isabelle Hens
Facades are increasingly being recognized as a major contributor to whole-building embodied carbon. While designers know how to reduce the embodied carbon of structural systems, the embodied carbon reduction potential of facades is currently largely unrealized. This paper examines how designers can make an impact through design decisions and specifications, addressing top questions investigated during design:
The embodied carbon of facades is largely driven by cladding materials, IGUs, aluminum, and steel, so these materials offer the greatest opportunities for carbon reductions. For cladding materials, sourcing from certain manufacturers can significantly reduce embodied carbon. For IGUs, the embodied carbon penalty is the strongest for overall glass thickness and the smallest for coatings, and some manufacturers distinguish themselves through innovative manufacturing techniques. For aluminum, the sourcing location can be a stronger driver of embodied carbon than recycled content. For steel, the manufacturing process and recycled content are the main levers.
Strategies to reduce facade embodied carbon are not always implemented because they can impact cost and aesthetics more than reducing the embodied carbon of concrete or steel. In addition, the lack of product-specific EPDs for products like aluminum extrusions makes it difficult to demonstrate reductions and take credit for them as part of LEED certification. Nonetheless, because facades are a major part of whole-building embodied carbon, we need to overcome these implementation hurdles by assessing options early in design, better understanding the operational and embodied carbon tradeoffs, coordinating from early design through construction, and advocating for more material transparency.
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Georgia Scalfano
Embodied carbon in buildings is a key factor in building decarbonization and while it is generally small compared to operational carbon, the percentage is expected to grow over time. For this reason, GSA is dedicating $2.15 billion towards the procurement of low embodied carbon materials in the construction and alteration of GSA buildings. These materials must have substantially lower embodied carbon than the industry averages, as determined by the EPA, in order for them to qualify for the funds. In addition, the EPA is providing $250 million to assist the industry in EPD development. The GSA funds must be obligated by September 30, 2026, and have allowed for construction assemblies, such as window or curtain walls, to qualify if the EPDs covering 80% of the assembly cost or weight are submitted (therefore, minor parts such as sealants, hardware, fasteners, etc. can be ignored). In other words, the current flat glass EPD that covers the bulk of the carbon impact can be submitted as is. On the other hand, GSA maintained the requirements for facility-specific EPDs “where feasible,” as well as an ENERGY STAR Energy Performance Score for the supplying flat/float glass plant. Here is where the glass industry, specifically primary flat glass manufacturers, may find some obstacles.
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Edgar Stach • Shreya Kanther • Alexis Manfre
Abstract:
The impacts of climate change, driven by increasing extreme temperature, sea-level rise, and heavy precipitations, interact and play an essential role in the socio-economic, population health and the well-being of the citizens, especially in cities like Venice, Philadelphia and Rome. Using these cities, this paper presents seven critical climate indicators—health and quality of life, environmental hazards, urban planning, mobility, public safety and security, technology and innovation, and building technologies.
Interactive circular maps (wheel graphic) were developed to combine the issues most relevant to the topic ‘Cities under Climate Threat’ and contextualize the topic. The map emphasizes the interconnections and overlaps between key indicators and subcategories linked to climate change and urbanization.These indicators illustrate how climate change affects cities and highlight the necessity for immediate action.
In Philadelphia, rising temperatures, increased rainfall, sea level rise, and deteriorating air quality pose significant challenges. The city's Climate Action Plan aims to mitigate these effects through strategies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance urban resilience. Key projects like Schuylkill Yards and the Center City Technology & Innovation Hub exemplify sustainable urban development and innovative design solutions.
Venice faces existential threats from sea-level rise and frequent flooding, endangering its historic infrastructure and cultural heritage. Measures such as the MOSE barrier system and sustainable urban development projects aim to protect the city. Proposed developments at Tronchetto, Iuav Campus, and Isola Sant’ Elena focus on resilience, incorporating green infrastructure and sustainable design to mitigate flooding and support local communities.
Rome's urban challenges include heavy traffic congestion, pollution, and the preservation of historical sites. The Vatican Welcome Center and The Eighth Hill projects aim to enhance accessibility, reduce environmental impact, and integrate green spaces within the urban fabric. These initiatives highlight the potential for sustainable urban transformation in historic cities.
The paper concludes that effective urban planning, community involvement, innovative technologies, and inclusive practices are essential for building climate-resilient cities. By adopting these strategies, cities cannot only address current climate challenges but also ensure a sustainable and equitable future for their residents. The findings provide a blueprint for other cities worldwide to navigate the complex interplay between urban development and climate change.
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